01 2026 Budget Reform Series 15 min read

Negative Gearing & CGT Reform 2026: The Rules, Worked Examples, and What They Mean in Real Dollars

[TL·DR] Key findings 7 takeaways · 1 min
  • Negative gearing on established properties is proposed to end from 1 July 2027 — but only for properties contracted after 7:30pm on 12 May 2026. Properties contracted before that timestamp keep negative gearing indefinitely.
  • Properties contracted between 12 May 2026 and 30 June 2027 keep negative gearing during that transitional window, then lose it from 1 July 2027.
  • The 50% CGT discount is proposed to be replaced for the portion of any gain that accrues after 1 July 2027. Pre-2027 gain keeps the 50% discount; post-2027 gain uses inflation-indexed cost base + a minimum 30% tax floor on real gains.
  • The post-2027 portion is calculated by establishing the asset’s value at 1 July 2027 (taxpayer valuation or ATO formula), then treating that value as the new cost base.
  • New builds keep negative gearing and the 50% CGT discount under the proposed rules — they’re structurally favoured.
  • SMSFs are explicitly excluded from the proposed changes per the Treasury factsheet.
  • Dollar impact on a $800K established purchase by a 37% marginal-rate investor: −$7,696 / yr less annual tax saving once the reform kicks in (worked below). For long-held properties sold post-2027, CGT can move materially in either direction.
01 Opening 2026-27 Federal Budget

The proposed rules in brief

Two changes were announced on 12 May 2026 affecting Australian property investment tax from 1 July 2027 (if enacted as announced).

Negative gearing change. From 1 July 2027, rental losses on established residential properties contracted after 7:30pm on 12 May 2026 can no longer be deducted against your salary or other non-property income. Losses can only offset rental income from other residential property and capital gains, with excess losses carried forward to future years. New builds are exempt. SMSFs are exempt.

CGT change. For capital gains realised after 1 July 2027 on properties held across the transition date:

These rules are subject to legislation that has not yet been enacted. Until enacted, the rules described are proposed, not current law.

02 The load-bearing date 7:30PM AEST · 12 MAY 2026

Three contract-date cohorts

The 7:30pm 12 May 2026 timestamp is the load-bearing date. It determines which of three cohorts your property falls into.

Grandfathered
Before 7:30pm
12 May 2026
Pre-Budget exchange
Negative gearing Continues indefinitely under existing rules.
CGT treatment Existing 50% discount until 1 Jul 2027; new regime applies only to gains accrued after that date (valuation-based split).
Transitional
12 May 2026
→ 30 Jun 2027
14-month transitional window
Negative gearing Available during this window only. Quarantined from 1 Jul 2027.
CGT treatment Existing 50% discount on pre-2027 portion; new regime on post-2027 portion (valuation-based split).
Post-reform
1 Jul 2027
onwards
After effective date
Negative gearing Losses offset residential property income + capital gains only. Excess carried forward.
CGT treatment Wholly under new regime — inflation-indexed cost base + 30% minimum tax floor.
The cutoff is contract exchange, not settlement
03 What counts as a new build Net-adds dwellings only

What counts as a “new build”

The proposed definition is narrower than “anything that’s just been built”:

Qualifies as a new build:

Does not qualify:

The policy is designed to direct investor capital toward properties that add new dwellings to housing supply, not toward churning existing stock.

04 Worked examples 5 scenarios · real dollars
[EX·01] Established property contracted after Budget night $800K · 37% marginal
The investor & property
PropertyEstablished house
Price$800,000
Contract date1 Aug 2026
Investor salary$130,000
Marginal rate37%
Loan$640K @ 6.5% IO
Annual interest$41,600
Annual rent$26,000 ($500/wk)
Other costs$5,200
Annual rental loss−$20,800
Δ Annual NG benefit
−$7,696
per year lost from 2027
$20,800 loss × 37% = $7,696 saving under current law. Post-reform: $0 immediate; loss carries forward against future rent or CGT.
Period A · 1 Aug 2026 → 30 Jun 2027 — transitional window
Annual loss              = $20,800
Offset against salary    = $20,800 (full negative gearing still available)
Tax saving               = $20,800 × 37%
                         = $7,696
After-tax holding cost   = $20,800 − $7,696
                         = $13,104
Period B · 1 Jul 2027 onwards — post-reform
Annual loss              = $20,800
Offset against salary    = $0       (NG against non-property income removed)
Offset against rental    = $0       (no other rental income in this example)
Carried forward          = $20,800  (offsets future rental income / CGT on sale)

Tax saving (immediate)   = $0
After-tax holding cost   = $20,800
5-year impact
Lost annual NG saving = $7,696 × 5 = $38,480 cumulative. Plus carry-forward = $20,800 × 5 = $104,000 — offsets future rental income or capital gains on sale.
[EX·02] Property contracted before Budget night Grandfathered · same other inputs
The investor & property
PropertyEstablished house
Price$750,000
Contract date14 Mar 2026 (grandfathered)
All other inputsSame as EX·01
Annual rental loss−$20,800
Δ Reform impact
$0
grandfathered indefinitely
Tax saving stays at $7,696/yr every year, under both current law and the proposed reform.
Annual tax saving — every year, indefinitely, under the proposed reform
Annual loss              = $20,800
Offset against salary    = $20,800 (grandfathered)
Tax saving               = $20,800 × 37%
                         = $7,696
Delta vs EX·01
$38,480 more after-tax position over 5 years (2027–2032) from grandfathering alone.
[EX·03A] CGT on a long-held property — sold post-2027, high marginal rate $700K → $1.2M · 15-yr hold · 37%
The investor & property
Purchase$700,000 in July 2020
Sale$1,200,000 in July 2035
Hold period15 yrs (7 pre, 8 post)
Gross gain$500,000
Sale costs$20,000
Net gain$480,000
Marginal at sale37%
Value @ 1 Jul 2027$880,000
Cumulative CPI '27–'3521.8% (≈ 2.5%/yr)
Δ Total tax
−$15,481
less tax under proposed reform
Indexation removes the inflation component before tax — for high-marginal investors on inflation-heavy gains, reform produces lower tax than the current 50% discount.
Under current law (no reform)
Net gain                 = $480,000
50% CGT discount         = $480,000 × 50% = $240,000 taxable
Tax at 37% marginal      = $240,000 × 37%
                         = $88,800
Under proposed reform · Step 1 — pre-2027 portion (50% discount)
Pre-2027 gain            = Value at 1 July 2027 − Cost base
                         = $880,000 − $700,000
                         = $180,000
50% discount             = $90,000 taxable
Tax at 37% marginal      = $90,000 × 37%
                         = $33,300
Step 2 — post-2027 portion (indexation + 30% floor)
Effective cost base      = $880,000  (value at 1 July 2027)
Sale price (less costs)  = $1,200,000 − $20,000 = $1,180,000
Nominal post-2027 gain   = $1,180,000 − $880,000
                         = $300,000

Indexed cost base        = $880,000 × (1 + 21.8%)
                         = $1,071,840
Real gain                = $1,180,000 − $1,071,840
                         = $108,160

Tax at marginal rate     = $108,160 × 37% = $40,019
30% floor on real gain   = $108,160 × 30% = $32,448
Tax payable (the higher) = $40,019  ← marginal binds; floor doesn't
Step 3 — total tax + comparison
Total tax under reform   = $33,300 (pre-2027) + $40,019 (post-2027)
                         = $73,319

Reform tax               = $73,319
Current law tax          = $88,800
Difference               = $73,319 − $88,800
                         = −$15,481  (reform = less tax)
Takeaway
For a high-marginal-rate investor on a property where most of the nominal gain is inflation, the proposed reform produces lower tax than current law.
[EX·03B] Same property, low-marginal-rate investor — 30% floor binds Identical inputs · 19% marginal
The investor & property
InputsIdentical to EX·03A
Marginal at sale19%
Net gain$480,000
Real gain post-2027$108,160
Δ Total tax
+$3,948
more tax under proposed reform
30% minimum floor binds on post-2027 portion ($32,448 vs $20,550 at marginal). For lower-marginal investors, reform is more expensive.
Under current law
50% discounted gain      = $240,000
Tax at 19% marginal      = $240,000 × 19%
                         = $45,600
Under proposed reform
Pre-2027 portion:
50% discounted gain      = $90,000
Tax at 19%               = $90,000 × 19%
                         = $17,100

Post-2027 portion:
Real gain                = $108,160 (same as 3A)
Tax at 19% marginal      = $108,160 × 19% = $20,550
30% floor on real gain   = $108,160 × 30% = $32,448
Tax payable (the higher) = $32,448  ← 30% floor binds
Total reform tax + comparison
Total tax under reform   = $17,100 + $32,448
                         = $49,548

Reform tax               = $49,548
Current law tax          = $45,600
Difference               = $49,548 − $45,600
                         = +$3,948  (reform = more tax)
Takeaway
The 30% minimum tax floor is what makes the reform more expensive for lower-marginal-rate investors. Matches Treasury's "Jack" cameo: $10K gain → $1,400 actual tax → 30% floor lifts to $3,000.
[EX·04] Existing 2-property portfolio — grandfathered $1.6M · operating Δ $0 · CGT Δ +$4,751
The investor & portfolio
Property A$720K · Mar 2022 · −$14,500/yr
Property B$880K · Jul 2023 · −$18,200/yr
Total NG losses−$32,700/yr
Marginal rate37%
Δ Operating cash flow
$0
grandfathered fully
Annual tax saving stays at $12,099/yr ($32,700 × 37%) every year under the proposed reform.
Operating impact under proposed reform
Total NG losses          = $32,700
Offset against salary    = $32,700  (both properties grandfathered)
Annual tax saving        = $32,700 × 37%
                         = $12,099/yr
CGT impact on future sale (Property A, sold 2035)
Purchase 2022            $720,000
Sale 2035                $1,300,000
Sale costs               $25,000
Net gain                 $555,000
Marginal at sale         37%

Hold split:
  Pre-2027 (5 of 13 yrs)   38.5% of holding period
  Post-2027 (8 of 13 yrs)  61.5% of holding period

Valuation at 1 July 2027 (assumed): $870,000

Pre-2027 gain            $870,000 − $720,000 = $150,000
  50% discount → $75,000 taxable → $27,750 tax @ 37%

Post-2027 gain           $1,275,000 − $870,000 = $405,000
  Indexed cost base $870,000 × 1.218 = $1,059,660
  Real gain               $1,275,000 − $1,059,660 = $215,340
  Tax at 37%              $79,676
  30% floor on real gain  $215,340 × 30% = $64,602 (not binding)
  Tax payable             $79,676

Total reform tax         $27,750 + $79,676 = $107,426
Current law tax          $555,000 × 50% × 37% = $102,675
Difference               +$4,751  (reform = slightly more tax)
Takeaway
Even for a grandfathered investor, post-2027 CGT can move by a few thousand dollars on a long-held property — driven by the real-vs-nominal split. Annual cash flow stays unchanged; eventual sale tax moves marginally.
05 Portfolio scaling 1 property → 4 properties
Putting it together — multi-property portfolio

The four worked examples above each modelled a single property — or in Example 4, two properties of the same vintage. Real investor portfolios are messier. An investor with three properties contracted in three different years has:

  • Three NG cohorts to track separately — grandfathered, transitional, post-reform.
  • Three 1 July 2027 valuations to obtain or estimate.
  • Three real-vs-nominal splits at sale.
  • Two scenarios per property — 6 full calculations before any decisions.
Portfolio-level decisions on top
  • Sell-first ordering — which property to sell first if rebalancing?
  • Loss absorption — which property's future rent absorbs quarantined losses?
  • New-build allocation — is the marginal addition more tax-efficient as a new build?
  • Freedom-year recalibration — does the proposed reform shift your target year?

These questions don’t have single right answers in the abstract. They depend on the specific properties, your marginal rate now and at sale, your hold periods, and what you’re optimising (cash flow vs after-tax position vs flexibility). Manual modelling at portfolio scale, across both scenarios, with the 1 July 2027 valuation step applied per property, isn’t realistic for most investors.

Heyward runs all of this automatically on your actual portfolio: every property classified into the right cohort by contract date, every 1 July 2027 split calculated, both scenarios run in parallel, NG quarantine flows tracked across years, and portfolio-level decisions — sell-first ordering, loss absorption, freedom-year delta — surfaced as concrete recommendations. The four worked examples above become your portfolio’s actual numbers.

06 What's still uncertain Pending ATO guidance

What’s still uncertain

A few things the announcement and current guidance don’t fully resolve:

Enactment. The reforms are subject to legislation that has not yet been enacted. Until enactment, the rules described here are proposed, not current law. Treat them as a planning scenario, not a guaranteed future state.

CPI methodology. The inflation-indexed CGT discount requires a specific CPI series and quarterly convention to compute in practice. The Budget factsheet is light on technical detail; ATO guidance is expected to fill this in before the proposed 1 July 2027 effective date.

SMSF treatment. Whether the reforms apply differently to SMSF property holdings has not been explicitly addressed in announcement materials. SMSF property investors already operate under different negative gearing mechanics (because of limited recourse borrowing arrangement rules), and bespoke ATO guidance is expected. If you hold property in an SMSF, get advice from an SMSF specialist before making changes.

Contract timing edge cases. Contracts exchanged on or near Budget night that include conditional clauses, sunset dates, or contingent terms have not been explicitly addressed. If your exchange date is anywhere near 12 May 2026, document it precisely — signed contract, broker confirmation, electronic timestamps, all of it.

07 What to actually do Universal + scenario-specific

What to actually do

Universal advice first, then scenario-specific.

Document your contract exchange date precisely. If you exchanged anywhere near 12 May 2026, keep the signed contract, broker confirmation, conveyancer record, and any electronic timestamps. The 7:30pm cutoff is granular, and grandfathering depends on it.

Don’t panic-sell. Selling before 1 July 2027 just to lock in the old CGT discount only makes sense if you were going to sell anyway — for instance, as part of a planned retirement sell-down. Forced selling to avoid a tax change usually destroys more value than the change itself — through transaction costs, lost rental income, and the difficulty of timing re-entry.

Don’t panic-buy. Rushing into an established property purchase to “beat” some perceived deadline is misframed — the 7:30pm 12 May 2026 cutoff has already passed. There is no future deadline that improves your position by buying established stock now.

Re-do your modelling. Whatever spreadsheet you’ve been using to model your portfolio’s after-tax position, run it under both the current rules and the proposed reform. If the answer changes materially, you have a real decision to make. If it doesn’t, you can plan with confidence either way.

Talk to an accountant who’s read the Budget papers, not just the press coverage. The grandfathering specifics, the new-build definition, and the CGT apportionment all involve detail that general accounts have flattened.

08 Common questions 8 questions · readers ask

Does grandfathering apply if I refinance after 1 July 2027?

Under the proposed rules, yes. Grandfathering is tied to the acquisition of the property, not the financing. Refinancing your loan — including switching lenders, restructuring, or extending the term — would not re-classify the property.

What if my contract exchanged 11 May 2026 but settled 30 May?

Grandfathered under the proposed rules. The cutoff is contract exchange, not settlement. As long as your exchange date and time are documented before 7:30pm 12 May 2026, your property is treated under the existing rules.

Does this affect SMSF property investments?

SMSF-specific treatment hasn’t been explicitly addressed in announcement materials. SMSF investors already operate under different negative gearing mechanics because of LRBA (limited recourse borrowing arrangement) rules, and the ATO is expected to issue bespoke SMSF guidance closer to the proposed 1 July 2027 effective date. If you hold property in an SMSF, get advice from an SMSF specialist before making changes.

What exactly counts as a “new build”?

Under the proposed rules, a newly constructed dwelling that adds to net housing supply. New apartments bought off-the-plan, construction on previously vacant land, and knock-down rebuilds that net-add dwellings (e.g. one house becomes a duplex) qualify. Knock-down rebuilds that replace one house with another house, extensions, granny flats adjacent to non-NG-eligible established properties, and “newly built” properties occupied more than 12 months before sale do not qualify.

Does this affect commercial property?

No. The proposed negative gearing changes apply only to residential property. Commercial property and other asset classes (shares, etc.) remain under existing arrangements.

How are post-2027 losses treated if I can’t use them?

Quarantined losses on post-cutoff established properties can offset rental income from other residential property, capital gains on residential property, or be carried forward to future years and applied against either of the above. Losses don’t disappear — they wait until you have offsetting income or sell.

How will the 30% minimum tax floor work?

A worked example from Treasury (factsheet p.8): an investor with a $10,000 capital gain after 1 July 2027 whose calculated tax would be $1,400 (a 14% effective rate) instead pays $3,000 — an additional $1,600 to lift the effective rate to 30%. The floor applies only when the investor’s marginal-rate-based tax would be below 30%.

When will we know if the reform becomes law?

The legislation is subject to passage through both houses of Parliament and Royal Assent. Until that happens, the rules described are proposed, not current law. The ATO will issue formal implementation guidance once the legislation is enacted.

See your portfolio's actual numbers

What does the reform do to your portfolio?

Heyward models both scenarios — current law and proposed reform — and applies the valuation-based CGT split per property, so you can see the exact dollar delta on each of your properties.

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